Pages

THE HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEER

Saturday, December 19, 2020

You must give way:

  

An obligation to give way requires you to give clear indication of your intention to give way to other vehicles by slowing down or stopping in plenty of time.

You must give way:

At uncontrolled pedestrian crossings where pedestrians have already stepped out or are just about to step on to the crossing.

As you turn onto the road from a parking lot, a gas station, a residential area, a pedestrian way, the hard shoulder or an off-road area.

This is known as the Exit or Entering Rule.

To traffic coming up from the left. Vehicles approaching a junction or crossroads from the left have priority.

This is known as the Left Hand Rule.

To oncoming traffic as you prepare to turn left and to all vehicles using the carriageway you will enter as you make the turn.

This is known as the Turning rule.

As instructed by traffic lights and traffic signs

Note: You must not attempt to pass through the crossing if by so doing you might obstruct, impede or endanger other road users.

Outside city limits

Outside city limits

Safety check before setting out

You must be able to carry out a systematic check of your car, taking into account the weather, your destination and the state of the road. The driver's manual will give you advice and instructions.

During the practical training, you will learn how to do a systematic check of your car.

Wednesday, December 16, 2020

watch your speed and keep your distance.

 


































Dealing with the extreme summer weather (Heat and Sunshine) 

Constant sun in your eyes cab be exhausting on a long journey and may well affect your concentration. Even if you do not feel the need, the correct sunglasses can reduce the glare and keep your eyes efficient for longer. Avoid looking directly into the sun.

Take plenty of breaks and refreshment on a long trip. Never stop on the hard shoulder of a motorway when you feel tired. Instead, use the service areas or get off the motorway.

Oil and water can make the hot surface of the road slippery and dangerous, particularly if there is a sudden rain shower after a long dry spell. Take extra care: watch your speed and keep your distance.


A large mid-day meal


 

A large mid-day meal

The hot summer temperatures tend to lower your energy, especially after a large midday meal when drowsiness may occur. If you have to drive after a large business lunch during the summer, take time to digest it or, if possible, sleep it off before starting on a long journey. If that is impractical be aware that your normal senses could be affected. Drive at a slower speed than normal and take extra care behind the wheel   

Tuesday, December 15, 2020

Camel and other animals on the Road

 


Animals are a constant hazard in rural areas. Most of the main highway have been fenced off to prevent camels from wandering onto the highways and causing accidents, especially at night.

However, in some rural areas camel still manage to stray onto the road. It is courtesy to other drivers to warm them of livestock on the road by using your hazard lights; this is one of the few acceptable uses of hazard lights in a moving vehicle.

When you see camels, sheep, goats or cows on the road, slow down right away to a slowly resume moving forward. Animals have no sense of the danger they present or of the risk of being hit by a moving vehicle, so be patient and negotiate the hazard carefully and safely.

Lack of attention, high speed: the causes of accidents involving animals are many and varied. A camel can easily rush out onto the road and collide with any unwary driver.

Dawn and dusk are the times when animals are the least visible and most likely to stray onto the road. Even if there is a protective fence or barrier along the side of the road, camels may still find their way through a gap. Where the fence ends, there is a real danger of livestock finding their way onto the road.

Small animals on the road can cause severe accidents, since drivers often overreact and slam on the brakes in a panic. To avoid injuring yourself or other road users, it may occasionally be necessary to run over.

Remember

When you see the camel warning sign, always watch the sides of the road and slow down.

Keep your field of vision broad and maintain a steady, slow pace.

To avoid a collision, stay behind a camel that has wandered on to the road.

Probable causes of accidents involving animals are as follows:

The driver was driving too fast.

The driver's range of observation was too narrow.

The driver neglected a warning sign.

The driver did not know when he/she could expect to find animals on the road.  

Here are some ways of reducing the chances of finding yourself in critical situation:

 


Here are some ways of reducing the chances of finding yourself in critical situation:

Always maintain good vision to the front and all around your vehicle.

Be alert and ready to respond to the unexpected.

Be secure in your mind by wearing your seat belt.

Regularly check your rear view and wing mirrors.

Look out for braking lights on vehicles directly in front of you and on vehicles even further ahead.

Keep an eye out for people crossing the road at official crossing places and when driving by school, shopping areas and other public gathering areas.

Maintain the proper distance from the vehicle in front of you.

Keep to your lane, except when overtaking, and do not weave from lane to lane.

On long journeys, take a break every now and then to get out and stretch your legs.

Do not look at maps or eat food while driving. Stop at a lay by and continue later.

Many Drivers do not approach driving as a serious exercise, as one that could result in someone getting gravely injured or even killed due to a lapse of concentration or a failure of driving technique.


Monday, December 14, 2020

Gulf Region, the weather is generally fine and hot

 



Driving in sunshine and hot weather

You're Vehicle

In the Gulf Region, the weather is generally fine and hot, but even this region has a range of weather conditions that will affect normal driving styles and techniques.

Different weather and road conditions can lead to a variety of different hazards, from season to season and from one region to another.

Problems vary widely, depending on the type of road and the amount of traffic passing through. This chapter deals with the main problems of driving under difficult conditions and the techniques of dealing with them safely.

Before you start your journey check the pressure in your tires. Do not check the pressure when you have been driving for a while, because tires will be warm and the reading will be inaccurate. Tires should be checked and adjusted before you start your journey, when they are 'cold'.

Keep the windscreen as clear as possible of water and grease marks. This helps to reduce glare. Check the level in the windscreen washer reservoir and top up if necessary. Using an additive may help to keep the windscreen clean.

Vision will be seriously impaired if your wipers are worn out or if your windscreen has collected a film of traffic dirt from the exhaust gases and other pollutants in and around the road.

Smoking deposits a thin film on the windows of the car, which reduces visibility and is often troublesome to the driver.

Basic positioning when turning right.....Read More

Wednesday, December 9, 2020

ہم تحریک عدم کے ذریعے وزیراعظم کو نہیں ہٹا سکتے پی ڈی ایم سربراہ کااعتراف۔۔۔











 مولانہ فضل الرحمان نے عمران خان کیخلاف اپنی شکست تسلیم کرلی

ہم تحریک عدم کے ذریعے وزیراعظم کو نہیں ہٹا سکتے پی ڈی ایم سربراہ کااعتراف

مولانہ فضل الرحمان نے عمران خان کیخلاف اپنی شکست تسلیم کرلی،تفصیلات کے مطابق پی ڈی ایم اجلاس کے دوران اتحاد کے سربراہ مولانہ فضل الرحمان نے وزیراعظم عمران خان کی حکومت کیخلاف اپنی ناکامی کا اعتراف کر لیا،اجلاس کے دوران پیپلزپارٹی کے شریک چئیرمین آصف علی زرداری نے مشورہ دیا کہ استعفے دینے سے قبل وزیراعظم عمران خان کیخلاف قومی اسمبلی اور پنجاب اسمبلی میں تحریک عدم اعتمادلانے کی کوشش کی جائے،حکومت مخالف اپوزیشن(پی ڈی ایم) نے جنوری کے آخری ہفتے میں وزیراعظم عمران خان کی حکومت کیخلاف لانگ مارچ کااعلان کیا ہے،  لانگ مارچ کااعلان حکومت مخالف اپوزیشن(پی ڈی ایم)کے اسٹیئرنگ کمیٹی کے اجلاس میں کیاگیا۔۔۔۔

وزیراعظم عمران خان کا سیالکوٹ میں نجی ائیر لائن ائیر سیال کی افتتاحی تقریب سے خطاب

 


سیالکوٹ میں نجی ائیر لائن ائیر سیال کی افتتاحی تقریب سے خطاب کرتے ہوئے انہوں نے کہا کہ آج سیالکوٹ میں کاروباری برادری سے ملنے آیا ہوں، انہوں نے کہا کہ ائیر سیال کا افتتاح تو ایک بہانہ ہے اصل میں میں یہاں کی کاروباری برادری سے ملنا چاہتا تھا،سب سے پہلے تو انہوں نے یہ ائیرپورٹ بنایا جو بہت شاندار ائیرپورٹ ہے۔ٓٓٓانہوں نے مزید کہاکہ اس ائیر لائن سے سیالکوٹ برآمدات کا مرکز بننے جا رہا ہے،کروناوائرس سے متعلق بات کرتے ہوئے انہوں نے کہا کہ کرونا کہ کیسز بڑھ رہے ہیں،اگر صیح معنوں میں احتیاط نہیں کی تو سردیاں ہمارے لیے بہت مشکل ہوں گی،امریکہ میں یہ وبا بہت تیزی سے پھیل رہی ہے،انگلینڈاور اٹلی میں بھی سخت لاک ڈاون ہے،  وزیراعظم عمران خان نے مزید کہاکہ اس وائرس کوروکنے کا سب سے اچھا طریقہ ماسک ہے،وزیراعظم عمران خان نے کہاکہ ہماری حکومت کی پالیسی ہے کہ ملک کو صنعت کاری کی طرف لے جانا،کاروباری برادری کوسہولت فراہم کرنااور کاروبار میں آسانیاں پیدا کرناتاکہ سرمایہ کاری بڑھے۔۔۔

ہری پور میں موٹرسائیکل چور گرفتار












 


 

Monday, December 7, 2020

Basic positioning when turning right

 


 

Basic positioning when turning right

Drivers intending to turn right should keep their vehicles as close to the right-hand edge of the carriageway as is appropriate for traffic conditions.

Position your car and turn off, keeping as far to the right as possible. This not only makes it easier for the vehicles on your left but also prevents drivers from creeping up on your right. After turning off, position yourself as appropriate for your ongoing itinerary.

It goes without saying that, in streets with two-way traffic with just one lane in each direction, you must keep well to the right so as to allow plenty of room for oncoming traffic.

Right-Hand Traffic (UAE)

 


Right-hand traffic

One two way traffic roads a vehicle should be driven in the lane furthest to the right, as seen from the direction of travel.

Keep to the right, leaving plenty of space for any fast-moving vehicles.

Always try to position your car so that you can handle unexpected overtaking and sudden meetings with oncoming traffic with maximum safety.

Overtaking and meetings with oncoming vehicles always involve an element of risk. If visibility is poor, as it may be if your view is obscured by a hill or a bend in the road, or if you are driving at night or in fog or rain, the risk is greatly enhanced.


Friday, December 4, 2020

Basic positioning when continuing straight ahead

 


Basic positioning when continuing straight ahead

Whenever possible, get into the right-hand lane if you intend to continue in the direction you are traveling. At or just before the junction you will have to keep to the right, even though you may have to negotiate with parked cars.

Saturday, November 28, 2020

The Vehicle

 


The road

Naturally, you must also adapt your speed to the condition of the road you are driving on. On gravel roads, the braking distance is much longer than on asphalt, and a wet asphalt road is more slippery than a dry one. Teach yourself to 'read' the road and predict where danger might lurk: at bends, on hills, on wet patches, and many other places.

The vehicle 

Performance varies greatly from one car to the next and even more so from motorcycle to motorcycle so, if you borrow a vehicle you're unfamiliar with, make sure you take things easy. 

UAE Road Speed Limit



Never allow speed to get the upper hand. Stay in control of your car at all times. Many drivers overestimate their own abilities and drive dangerously fast. This is why single-vehicle accidents are the most common type of accident on main roads outside built-up areas.

Always adapt to local traffic conditions.

The maximum speed limit in the major roads in UAE is 40 km/h inside the city, the speed limit is usually 80 km/h, outside built-up areas, and the standard speed limits is 100 km/h. 

Fortunately, the recipe for avoiding collisions is simple:

 


Fortunately, the recipe for avoiding collisions is simple:

Anticipate, observe, adapt.

Hidden danger

As you travel down the road, you must be able to bring your vehicle to a half well before reaching an obstacle on the road ahead. Weather real or potential. As a driver, you must teach yourself to predict what could be hidden behind a parked car, behind a hedge or round the next bend. This ability comes only with practice.

Things to consider when leaving town.......







Things to consider when leaving town.......

Speed limits

Driving speed must never exceed the speed at which the driver can maintain safe control of the vehicle and bring it to a half on the carriageway or hard shoulder

This means that the distance needed to slow the car to a half must be clear and free of any visible or anticipated obstacle the road ahead.

Adapting your speed

You must also adapt your speed to the state of the traffic, the weather, visibility, the weight of your load, the condition of your vehicle, and, above all, your own abilities. Do not base you're driving on what you think. Base it on what you see and on what you know.

Major roads mean high speeds. And high speeds are perfectly acceptable provided nothing gets in the way. Remember that hitting another vehicle at 40 km/h, which is not particularly fast, is equivalent to falling onto a concrete floor from a height of 10 meters for the occupants of the vehicles involved, the impact is murderous. 

Monday, November 23, 2020

Apparatus for Bitumen Distributors Test

 


Significance and Use

The amount of bituminous material applied to a pavement surface using a bituminous distributor can be estimated using the described procedure.

Apparatus

Test Method A and B:

Balance, sensitive to 0.1g.

Weighing Box or Balance Shield, to protect balance from wind when the balance is in use at the project site (See Figure 1).

Balance Table and work Table, for weighing.

Test Method B:

Elliptical Containers, measuring approximately 3.5 in. (88.9 mm) along the short axis and 9 in. ( 228.6 mm) in height, capable of an internal volume of approximately 1 gal.

Rubber Bands, capable of a snug fit when stretched around the elliptical containers.

Stopwatch, Capable of recording to the nearest 0.1 s.

Materials

Test Method A:

 Geotextile Pads, weighing a minimum of 8 oz. /yd2 and measuring 12 in. (304.8 mm) by 12 in. (304.8 mm)

Aluminized Duct Tape, measuring 2 in (50.8 mm) wide and 6 in. (152.4 mm) long.

Butcher Paper #50, measuring 30 in. (762 mm) by 950ft, for temporary protection of geotextile pads during calibration.

Test Method B:

Plastic Bags, capable of fitting inside the elliptical cans but of sufficiently larger dimension to allow folding over the edge of the elliptical containers once placed inside.

Standard Practice for Estimating Application Rate of Bitumen Distributors1

Scope 

This practice covers the determination of transvers and longitudinal application rate of asphalt distributors in gallons per square yard (or liters per square meter).

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with it use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.

Summary of Practice

Test Method A:

Pre-weighed calibration pads are placed on the surface of the roadway in front of the distributor to be calibrated. The asphalt distributor to be calibrated is driven over the calibration pads while spraying asphalt. The calibration pads are removed from the roadway any reweighed. The weight of asphalt applied to the pads is determined by subtraction and the rate of application is calculated.

Test Method B:

Containers are placed under each nozzle of a bituminous distributor and bituminous material is sprayed into the containers for a known period of time. The volume of bituminous material sprayed after this period is calculated. The transverse uniformity of bituminous material sprayed on the pavement is obtained from this calculation and the distribution of bituminous material applied longitudinally on the pavement is calculated as a function of the distributor velocity 

WhatsApp on Friday delayed a data-sharing

WhatsApp on Friday delayed a data-sharing change as users worried about privacy fled the Facebook-owned messaging service and flocked to riv...