Coastal Engineering
Coastal
engineering is concerned with managing coastal areas. In some jurisdictions,
the term sea defense and coastal protection mean defense against flooding and
erosion, respectively. The term coastal defense is the more traditional term,
but coastal management has become more popular as the field has expanded to
techniques that allow erosion to claim land.
Construction Engineering
Construction
engineering involves planning and execution, transportation of materials, site
developmental, structural and geotechnical engineering. As construction firms
tend to have higher business risk than other types of civil engineering firms
do, construction engineers often engage in more business-like transactions, for
example, drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical operations,
and monitoring prices of supplies.
Earthquake Engineering
Earthquake
engineering involves designing structure to withstand hazardous earthquake
exposures, Earthquake engineering is a sub-discipline of structural
engineering. The main objectives of earthquake engineering are to understand
interaction of structures on the shaky ground; foresee the consequences of
possible earthquakes; and design, construct and maintain structures to perform
at earthquake in compliance with building codes.
Environmental Engineering
Environmental
Engineering is the contemporary term for sanitary engineering, though sanitary
engineering traditionally had not included much of the hazardous waste
management and environmental remediation work covered by environmental
engineering. Public health engineering and environmental health engineering are
other terms being used. Environmental engineering deals with treatment of
chemical, biological, or thermal wastes, purification of water and air, and
remediation of contaminated sites after waste disposal or accidental
contamination. Among the topics covered by environmental engineering are
pollutant transport, water purification, waste water treatment, air pollution,
solid waste treatment, recycling, and hazardous waste management. Environmental
engineers administer pollution reduction, green engineering, and industrial
ecology. Environmental engineers also compile information on environmental
consequences of proposed actions.
